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『多文化理解のためのアメリカ文化入門』補足資料について

多文化理解のためのアメリカ文化入門

 

このウェブページでは、『多文化理解のためのアメリカ文化入門』で学んだことを発展させて、調べたり研究したりするための情報を提供しています。本書の執筆に根拠となった資料リンクもありますので、それを見て理解を深めることができます。教材作成にも利用していただくことができます(文章の版権は著者に属します)。

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ウェルズ恵子・Lisa Gabbert
 
 
STUDY MANUAL


1. How to Approach the Study of Vernacular Culture/ Folklore [準備中]
   ヴァナキュラー文化(フォークロア)とは何か
   本書を使って研究するには
2. Research Methods [準備中]
   具体的な研究方法
3. Conducting an Interview [準備中]
   インタビューの基本的マナーと技術・リンク集

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO THE TEXTBOOK


本書に含めきれない追加の本文や資料リンクです。
本書と合わせて使用すれば、理解を深めることができます。

1. Reading Materials
   追加教材・関連資料リンク集
2. Web Resources
   発展学習・研究用資料リンク集
3. Photographs
   写真データ
4. Discussion Topics and Research Paper Themes
   討議テーマと研究テーマ例

 

1. Reading Materials
追加教材・関連資料リンク集




CHAPTER 5
Lyrics to the Ballad “John Henry”
Below are the full lyrics to “John Henry,” as sung by Harry Belafonte, a well- known calypso singer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9GkWdDE5E8

John Henry he could hammer,
He could whistle, he could sing
He went to the mountain early in the mornin'
Just to hear his hammer ring, Lord, Lord
Just to hear his hammer ring (repeat last two lines)

When John Henry was a little baby,
Sittin' on his daddy's knee
He picked up a hammer, and a little piece of steel,
Said hammer be the death of me, Lord, Lord
Said hammer be the death of me (repeat last two lines)

When John Henry's family needed money,
Said he didn't have but a dime
If you wait 'til the red sun goes down
I'll get it from the man in the mine, Lord, Lord
I'll get it from the man in the mine (repeat last two lines)

Well the Captain said to John Henry
John Henry, what can you do
I can hoist a jack, I can lay a track
I can pick and shovel too, Lord, Lord
I can pick and shovel too (repeat last two lines)

Well John Henry said to the captain,
Oh a man ain't nothin' but a man
Before I'd let your steam drill beat me down,
I'd die with my hammer in my hand, Lord, Lord
Die with my hammer in my hand (repeat last two lines)

Well the captain said to John Henry,
Gonna bring me a steam drill 'round
Gonna bring me a steam drill out on the job
Gonna whup that steel on down, Lord, Lord
Whup that steel on down (repeat last two lines)

Well John Henry said to his shaker
Shaker why don't you sing,
I'm throwin' fifteen pounds from my hips on down,
Just listen to the cold steel ring, Lord, Lord
Just listen to the cold steel ring (repeat last two lines)

The man that invented the steamdrill,
Thought he was mighty fine,
John Henry drove his fifteen feet,
The steamdrill only made nine, Lord, Lord
The steamdrill only made nine (repeat last two lines)

Well the Captain said to John Henry
Oh your mountain is sinking in
John Henry said to the Captain,
'Tain't nothin' but my hammer suckin' wind, Lord, Lord
'Tain't nothin' but my hammer suckin' wind (repeat last two lines)

Well John Henry said to the captain,
Look yonder what I see,
Hole done choke, your drill done broke,
And you can't drive steel like me, Lord, Lord
Can't drive steel like me (repeat last two lines)

Well John Henry drove into the mountain,
His hammer was striking fire
He drove so hard he broke his poor heart
And he laid down his hammer and he died, Lord, Lord
Laid down his hammer and he died (repeat last two lines)

Well John Henry had a little woman,
And her name was Polly Ann
She walked down the tract
Never looked back
Polly Ann drove steel like a man, Lord, Lord
Polly Ann drove steel like a man (repeat last two lines)

Oh the people took John Henry to the White House
And they buried him in the sand
Every locomotive come roaring by
Says there lies a steel driving man, Lord, Lord
There lies a steel driving man (repeat last two lines)

“The Ballad of Jesse James”
Many artists have covered the “The Ballad of Jesse James.” Links to the song as covered by various artists are below.


CHAPTER 7

More on Monster Tourism

In the Willow Creek, California Bigfoot tourism has allowed this small mining town to grow. Willow Creek celebrates Bigfoot with a festival called “Bigfoot Days,” which features music, food, and Bigfoot memorabilia. There is also a Bigfoot museum. People even come from Europe to celebrate Bigfoot in this little town. People can also join Bigfoot expeditions. Businesses offer tourists the opportunity to join outdoor adventure trips to try and find Bigfoot. No one has yet found Bigfoot, but people have a lot of fun, make money, and wonder whether or not Bigfoot might really exist, even in spite of the commercial hullabaloo. For an example of how Bigfoot and commercial interests overlap in tourism, see a video of the 50th annual Bigfoot parade in Willow Creek.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKwHX59ISlk

Lake monsters also are used for tourism. Towns and villages who have a local lake monster use the lake monster to attract tourists. There are small festivals celebrating the lake monster, conferences, and other activities all of which are designed to celebrate the unique identity of the place the lake monster lives. There are also many examples of people constructing lake monsters from wood, plastic, and other materials and putting it in the lake in order to fool people. People will also hunt lake monsters for fun, although they never actually find anything. The news video below talks about a sighting of “Champ,” a lake monster that supposedly lives in Lake Champlain. What kind of commercial objects do you see for sale at the beginning of the video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpkULq7ZV3A


CHAPTER 8

An excerpt from “The Fall of the House of Usher” by Edgar Allen Poe

The description of the haunted house below is taken from a famous short story called “The Fall of the House of Usher.” It was first published in 1839 by Edgar Allen Poe, one of the most well known American authors of terror.

Shaking off from my spirit what must have been a dream, I scanned more narrowly the real aspect of the building. Its principal feature seemed to be that of an excessive antiquity. The discoloration of ages had been great. Minute fungi overspread the whole exterior, hanging in a fine tangled web-work from the eaves. Yet all this was apart from any extraordinary dilapidation. No portion of the masonry had fallen; and there appeared to be a wild inconsistency between its still perfect adaptation of parts, and the crumbling condition of the individual stones. In this there was much that reminded me of the specious totality of old wood-work which has rotted for long years in some neglected vault, with no disturbance from the breath of the external air. Beyond this indication of extensive decay, however, the fabric gave little token of instability. Perhaps the eye of a scrutinizing observer might have discovered a barely perceptible fissure, which, extending from the roof of the building in front, made its way down the wall in a zigzag direction, until it became lost in the sullen waters of the tarn.
(Poe, “Fall of the House of Usher”)


CHAPTER 9

More Jump Rope Rhymes

MISS MARY MACK (JUMP ROPE RHYME)
Miss Mary Mack, Mack, Mack
All dressed in black, black, black
With silver buttons, buttons, buttons
All down her back, back, back

She asked her mother, mother, mother
For fifty cents, cents, cents
To see the elephants, elephants, elephants
Jump over the fence, fence, fence

They climbed so high, high, high
They touched the sky, sky, sky
And didn’t come down, down, down
Until the 4th of July, ly, ly!


UNTITLED (HAND CLAP RHYME)
My mother gave me a nickel
My father gave me a dime
My sister gave me a lover boy
Who loved me all the time
My mother took her nickel
My father took his dime
My sister took her lover boy
And gave me Frankenstein
He made me do the dishes
He made me mop the floor
I got so sick and tired of him
I kicked him out the door!


CHAPTER 10

Jack-o’-Lanterns and other Decorations

How do Americans decorate their homes for Halloween? The most important symbol of Halloween is a jack-o’-lantern. A jack-o’lantern is a pumpkin that has been hollowed out and decorated to look like a face. The face sometimes is associated with a spirit, demon, or ghost. People scoop out the insides and carve a face into the outside of the pumpkin. The face can be simple or very elaborate, and it can be scary, happy, sad, or funny. Some people are very creative with their jack-o’-lanterns and turn them into works of art. A lighted candle is placed inside. At night, the pumpkin can look either scary or friendly, depending on the face that is carved. The lighted jack-o’-lantern typically is placed on the doorstep outside the home on Halloween night. It attracts the children who are out trick-or-treating and lets them know there are treats available at the house.
People also decorate their homes skeletons and ghosts, which are considered spooky, or sometimes people decorate with evil characters. They also use fall harvest vegetables, such as pumpkins, corn, hay, dried corn stalks, and sometimes scarecrows. Scarecrows are large dolls stuffed with hay. They look like farmers. In farming areas, people put them in the fields to frighten away birds and prevent them from eating the corn. Halloween is associated with the fall harvest, so harvest images such as fall vegetables are common. The harvest images combine with images of the dead, such as skeletons and ghosts, to create a holiday that is symbolizes alternations between life and death.


CHAPTER 11

Mardi Gras and Parody

As noted in the reading, political figures are commonly parodied in Mardi Gras costumes and floats. Donald Trump, who became President of the United States in 2017, was a popular target for Mardi Gras parody during that period of time. In this example, a man wears a mask that looks like Donald Trump. The reveler is also wearing a jester’s costume, which is a kind of clown. His costume makes fun of Donald Trump by suggesting that Donald Trump is a clown. This type of behavior is expected during Mardi Gras but less common during other times of the year.

Traditional Mardi Gras Food

KING’S CAKE
Mardi Gras celebrations begin on January 06 when people eat a king’s cake. A king’s cake is a cake made of brioche dough, a French dough that contains a lot of butter and eggs. The cake is flavored with cinnamon and has green, gold, and purple icing, which are Mardi Gras colors. The cake contains a small, plastic baby, or “king,” inside it. The person who receives the piece of cake with the baby must buy the cake the next year or host the party. That is the beginning of the Carnival or Mardi Gras season. Below is a picture of a king’s cake.

 

 

2. Web Resources
発展学習・研究用資料リンク集




CHAPTER 1
This website contains many beautiful images of Cinderella that have been published in Europe and the United States.
http://d.lib.rochester.edu/cinderella

This website contains a translation of early Cinderella stories.
http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/type0510a.html

CHAPTER2
This website is dedicated to exploring whether or not contemporary legends are true. http://www.snopes.com.

CHAPTER3
Additional examples of Katrina stories and stories about 9-11, along with photographs and other materials can be found at the following websites:
http://hurricanearchive.org
http://aliveintruth.com
https://www.loc.gov/collections/september-11th-2001-documentary-project

CHAPTER4
The link below is to a film of African American prisoners singing traditional work songs during the middle of the 20th century. It is titled Afro-American Work Songs in a Texas Prison. It was filmed in 1966 by Pete and Toshi Seeger.
http://www.folkstreams.net/film,122

This video clip contains scenes from a 1987 film called “Full Metal Jacket.” It contains many different examples of military calls.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEiWXz3BkpA

This link is not from a film, but from a real training session and illustrates the call-and-response style.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8-XkPJXhCw

CHAPTER5
The full lyrics to “John Henry” here as sung by Harry Belafonte, a well- known calypso singer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9GkWdDE5E8

Many artists have covered the Ballad of Jesse James. Links to the song as covered by various artists are below.

This one is by a famous country singer named Johnny Cash.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcBkQiuK97Q

This one is by a famous folk singer named Woody Guthrie.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ia2YTbO1M6k

This one is by the Irish folk/punk band, the Pogues.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7hsGtgdrGc

A new ballad form has drawn recent scholarly attention. These ballads sing about the drugs that are smuggled across the border between Mexico and the United States, in what has become known as the “drug war.” The links below are radio segments and will be useful to learn more about these controversial Spanish-language ballads.
http://www.npr.org/2009/10/10/113664067/narcocorridos-ballads-of-the-mexican-cartels
http://www.npr.org/sections/altlatino/2015/07/16/423198482/narco-ballads-praising-el-chapo-or-portraying-the-corrupt-truth
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1133414

CHAPTER6
This video clip illustrates the song “Take Me out to the Ballgame” that is commonly sung at baseball games. The singing is led by rock star Eddie Vedder of the band Pearl Jam.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n0Jim3U8ylE

This video demonstrates fans singing the Queen song “We Will Rock You” at an American football game. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GE6eE89sN0

This link illustrates a more modern form of Christmas caroling―caroling as a flash mob. A flash mob is a group of people who plan a surprise public performance together, such as singing or dancing. Instead of going from house to house in traditional caroling fashion, which is not so common in modern times, the flash mob surprises shoppers with seemingly spontaneous singing of Christmas carols at a mall.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GE6eE89sN0

CHAPTER7
For an example of how Bigfoot and commercial interests overlap in tourism, see a video of the 50th annual Bigfoot parade in Willow Creek.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKwHX59ISlk.

This news video talks about a sighting of “Champ,” a lake monster that supposedly lives in Lake Champlain. What kind of commercial objects do you see for sale at the beginning of the video?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IpkULq7ZV3A

This link was made by the producers of “Finding Bigfoot,” a TV show that focuses on exploring whether or not Bigfoot is real. The show is both serious and ironic. The clip is a good example of how Americans “play” with their monsters. Watch as the producers of this television show have some fun.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVZeLN8XYd8

CHAPTER8


CHAPTER9
This link illustrates an example of children doing “Miss Mary Mack Mack Mack”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9NoUQcEfzE

This example illustrates how children incorporate commercials into their play. “Dr Pepper” is a popular soft drink in the US. Children have creatively transformed Dr. Pepper television commercials into handclap games. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Swe99oRW4wY&list=PLL84ngkeWgDiC5zh4TuSpNTzy7oyc2M-R&index=12

Here is another handclap that also transforms a popular television commercial into a handclap game. The movements are similar to the example above, but use “McDonalds” fast food as the theme.
https://www.youtube.com/watchv=MLNpgWmx1PM&index=13&list=PLL84ngkeWgDiC5zh4TuSpNTzy7oyc2M-R

CHAPTER10
This video shows children trick-or-treating in the traditional manner on Halloween.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skeB61hKh6I

This video shows the Greenwich Village Halloween parade in New York City in 2016. It was made by a newspaper called New York Daily News.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIGufVsvdWA

CHAPTER11
This link is to a short video overview of Mardi Gras.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mo5ClQDKnqk

This link is to a video made by the Creole Wild West Indians, a Mardi Gras Indian tribe. They explain their history, music, and costumes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3PEAXQg-ug

CHAPTER12
This video shows an example of the livestock shows and care of animals at county fairs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZF6r3veIxtA

This video clip shows how homemade jellies are exhibited and judged at a county fair in Iowa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeOyC361l5k

This video is a clip of a demolition derby, a common event at county fairs. Demotion derbies are good example of how county fairs continue to serve as sources of entertainment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0A3qYwd58Y

This video is from a small rodeo in Florida. It shows the bucking bronco event.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHDRb3QSQdE

This video clip also shows the bucking bronco event. Participants are in high school and still learning.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6-472L9_1U

In this clip, the national anthem is sung and a girl carries the flag on horseback to open the rodeo. It illustrates that rodeos are associated with patriotic sentiment.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MD3V6HJF6C0

CHAPTER13
The best websites to explore the latest memes are https://memegenerator.net and http://knowyourmeme.com

CHAPTER14
This is a video clip of a news story made during the 2016 creepy clown scare. It illustrates how the news media may contribute to rumor panics.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wX2IuWLELcE


3. Photographs
写真データ




CHAPTER 1  
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CHAPTER 2  
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CHAPTER 3  
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CHAPTER 4  
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CHAPTER 5  
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CHAPTER 6  
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CHAPTER 7  
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CHAPTER 8  
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CHAPTER 9  
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CHAPTER 10 
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CHAPTER 11 
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CHAPTER 12 
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CHAPTER 13 
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CHAPTER 14 


4. More Discussion Topics and Research Paper Themes
討議テーマと研究テーマ例



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